Water-heater.



No. 650,866. Patented June 5, I900. J. H. PHILLIPS.

WATER HEATER.

A at on m a 5 pt 25 1899) (No Model.)

UNITED S'rA'rEs JosnrnnowARD PHILLIPS, or ato -am, ornol' iii-l rloi:

WATER-HEATER;

SPECIFICATION forming part bf Letters Patent No. 650,866, dated June 5, leoo. Application filed $eptember 25, 1899. Serial No. 731,601. (No model.)

To wZZ whom it ma concern.

Be it known that I, JOSEPH HOWARD PHIL LIPS, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Cincinnati, Hamilton county, State of Ohio, have invented cer'tainnew and useful Improvements in Water-Heaters; and I do declare that the following is a clear, full, and exact description of the invention, such as to enable others skilled in the art to whichit ap pertains to make and use the same, attention being called to the accompanying drawings, with the reference-numerals marked thereon, which form also a part of this specification.

This invention relates to appliances for heating quickly and conveniently water for any purpose, but more particularly for house hold uses; Such heaters are usually connected with a hot-water reservoir, generallyin form of a customary kitchen-boiler, in which the water heated is stored for ready use. This boiler, as well as the heater which supplies it, forms part of the pipe system which is usually connected with a waterworks-serv ice. The arrangement is such that the cold water is received by the heater, by which it is heated, and then delivered'to the boiler, from which in due time hot water under pressure may be drawn. During such times and intervals when no hot water is drawn the same accumulates and increases the supply in the storage-boiler, such accumulation being due to a movement of the water induced by the difference of its temperature within different parts of the heater. The effect of this movement is such that hot watercontinually passes from the heater to the boiler, to be followed by cold water either from the 'pipe system or from the boiler, being in the latter case such water asis displaced by the hot water. The heat is obtained from any suitable fuel, gas (either manufactu red or vaporized) bein g gen erally preferred.

My improved heater consists, substantially, of a series of pipes,and one of the features of my invention relates to their arrangement, which is such as to obtain the aforesaid movement of the water for the purpose of delivering constantly hot water to the boiler and storing it therein. Animportant feature of this arrangement is the utilization of the expended heat to the fullest possible limit not only in its direct action, but also by using previously heated water to aid in heating subsequently-entering cold water.

Another feature of my invention is an ar rangement and construction which lessens the deleterious effects of contraction and expansion upon the metal due to rapidly-chang ing temperatures-as, for instance, when larger quantities of hot water are drawn at once and the place of which in the heater is suddenly taken by cold water.

An additional feature of my invention is the ability to completely drainand flush the heater to free it from sediment.

There are also certain features pertaining to details of construction, which will be fully referred to in proper order. p

In the following specification, and particularly pointed out in the claims at the end thereof, is found a full description of my in- Vention, together with its operation, parts, and construction, which latter is also illus trated in the accompanying drawings, in

which-- Figures 1 and 2 are vertical sections taken at planes about at'rig'ht angles to each other. Figs. 3 and 4 are horizontal sections taken, respectively, on lines 3 3 and "4: 4 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a top view of the detached head or manifold at the lower end of the heater, portions being broken away.

This invention consists, substantially, of

a series of heating-pipes, a source of supply to them in shape of a cold-water pipe, a delivery-pipe common to them all whichfcarries oif the water heated by them ,"and"means ascends'and which delivers. it to the second I set, in which the water descends. 8 indicates the pipes of the ascending set, having their lower ends all communicating with an annular chamber 9, which receives the cold water from the service-pipe 11. Their upper ends are open and communicate with the descending pipes 12, which are of larger diame ter and inclose and overtop pipes 8. Their upper ends are closed, while their lower ends are open and communicate with another annular chamber 13. These two chambers 9 and 13 are preferably contained in one casting or head, forming a manifold for all the pipes, the two chambers being separated from each other by a diaphragm 14, into which the lower open ends of pipes S are tapped. The lower open ends of pipes 12 are tapped into the top of this head. Chamber 9 supplies the water to the ascending pipes 8, which deliver it at their upper ends to the descending pipes 12, which conveyit to chamber 13, from which it is taken by a central discharge-pipe 15, which delivers the heated water to the boiler. (Not shown.)

The burner 16,0f any approved style,preferably an atmospheric ring-burner, is attached to the lower part of the heaterin a mannerto be concentric with the head, the method of attachment being preferably by a screw connection to the latter. For such purpose each has a vertical flange, one, 17, projecting from the head downwardly, the other, 18, from the burner upwardly, and each being correspondingly threaded to be capable of entering into engagement with the other. As to one of the engaging parts this flange may simply eonsist of threaded lugs. The gas or mixture of gas and air is supplied to this burner by a pipe 19.

\Vhile pipes 3 and 12 are described as heating-pipes, it will be noted that the heating of the water is not restricted merely to them, but proceeds also while the water is contained in the manifold or head and continues during its entire passage through pipe 15, since all these parts are subject to and exposed to the action of the flames of the burner and the air heated thereby. The whole collection of pipes is surrounded by a jacket 21, having an opening 22 at its upper end, which insures the necessary draft, and may be connected with a flue to carry oif any products of combustion. The water contained and arriving in pipe 15 having been the longest time in the heater is necessarily the hottest, and therefore also the lightest, and for which reason it constantly rises in this pipe. This motion causes the cooler water to pass out of chamber 13 and down in pipes 12, to be followed by cold water, which rises in pipes 8. The coldest water is received at the hottest place of the heater, which is the lower chamber 9 of the flame-surrounded head and where the heating starts at once, continuing while the water ascends in pipes 8, the heat here being received from the hot water surrounding them and descending in pipes 12, and which latter are in direct contact with the heat from the burner. Chamber 13 collects this water from all pipes 12, after which it is taken by pipe 15, in which the heating is continued and also finished. The injurious eifects upon the metal by its contraction and expansion being a prolific source of cracks and leaky joints and due to rapid changes of temperatures when hot water is drawn,which causes at once cold water to enter the heater, are very much reduced by the fact that only a limited part of the heater receives such cold water, and which part is chamber 9. The same being cast meta-l, the deleterious effects are still more counteracted. In the further progress of the cold water through pipes 8 this contrast is not so marked, since these latter are not exposed to direct heat. This tendency to reduce contrast between temperatures also prevents condensation on the outside of the pipes and avoids objectionable accumulation of drippings below the heater;

23 is a blow-off cock by means of which when open the heater may at any time be completely drained and flushed for the purpose of freeing it from sediment.

Having described my invention, I claim as new- 1. In a water-heater, the combination of a series of upright heating pipes, a jacket which surrounds them, an annular head or manifold to which all their lower ends connect, a supply-pipe delivering cold water to the lower part of the heater, a dischargepipe receiving the water collected in the manifold and delivering hot water at the upper end of the heater, a burner below the lower end of the latter and screw-threaded projections on the upper part of the burner and on the lower part of the head, which projections are adapted to engage each other for the purpose of holding the burner in place.

2. In a water-heater, the combination of a cast-metal head having annular chambers 9 and 13, one above the other, a diaphragm dividing them, upright heatin g-pipes connected to each chamber and also communicating with each other, thereby establishing also communication between these chambers, a supply-pipe delivering cold water to the lower chamber which latter distributes it to the heating-pipes, a central discharge-pipe e011- nected at its lower end to upper chamber 13 taking therefrom the water collected therein and delivering it now heated at the top ofthe heater, a jacket open at its upper end surrounding all the pipes and means at the lower part of the heater to apply heat against the chambered head, the circulation of which heat is upwardly and surrounds the heatingpipes and the discharge-pipe.

In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH IIO\VARD PHILLIPS.

\Vitnesses:

C. SPENGEL, ERNEST G. SIMON. 

